Latinsky KALVARIA 

- derive from the Vulgate Latin Calvariae, Calvariae locus and locum (all meaning "place of the Skull" or "a Skull")

Grecky GOLGOTA 

- used by Jerome in his translations of Matthew 27:33,^[2] Mark 15:22,^[3] Luke 23:33,^[4] and John 19:1

Bolo to miesto nedaleko mesta Jeruzalema za hradbami mesta. Podľa 4 kakonických evanjelií bol tu Pán Ježiš ukrižovaný.

Od ranného stredoveku bolo mesto navštevované pútnikmi.

Tradícia spája miesto ukrižovania s miestom, kde dnes stojí Bazilika Božieho hrobu.

Miesto objaviula sv.Helena, rímska panovníčka, matka cisára Končtantína Veľkého, keď navštívila Jeruzalem v r.325

Location[edit]

There is no consensus as to the location of the site. John 19:20 describes the crucifixion site as being "near the city". According to Hebrews 13:12, it was "outside the city gate". Matthew 27:39 and Mark 15:29 both note that the location would have been accessible to "passers-by". Thus, locating the crucifixion site involves identifying a site that, in the city of Jerusalem some four decades before its destruction in AD 70, would have been outside a major gate near enough to the city that the passers-by could not only see him, but also read the inscription 'Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews'

Christian tradition since the fourth century has favoured a location now within the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This places it well within today's walls of Jerusalem, which surround the Old City and were rebuilt in the 16th century by the Ottoman Empire

The Fathers of the Church offered various interpretations of the name and its origin. Jerome considered it a place of execution by beheading (locum decollatorum),^[13] Pseudo-Tertullian describes it as a place resembling a head,^[35] and Origen associated it with legends concerning the skull of Adam.^[13] This buried skull of Adam appears in noncanonical medieval legends, including the Book of the Rolls, the Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan, the Cave of Treasures, and the works of Eutychius, the 9th-century patriarch of Alexandria. The usual form of the legend is that Shem and Melchizedek retrieved the body of Adam from the resting place of Noah's ark on Mount Ararat and were led by angels to Golgotha, a skull-shaped hill at the center of the earth where Adam had previously crushed the serpent's head following the Fall of Man.^[13]